Life Care Center of Plainwell
320 Brigham St, Plainwell, MI 49080
Life Care Center of Plainwell is a nursing home in Plainwell, Michigan. This page lists the citations, fines and star ratings that CMS publishes for it. Each one has a date and a link to CMS.
CMS star ratings
- 2 of 5CMS overall star rating
- 2 of 5CMS health inspection star rating
- 4 of 5CMS staffing star rating
- 4 of 5CMS quality measures star rating
Facts from CMS
- Phone
- (269) 685-9805
- Last standard health inspection
- December 17, 2025 (10 months ago)
- Certified beds
- 119
- Residents per day, on average
- 88.4
- Ownership type
- For profit - Corporation
- Legal business name
- Plainwell Operations, LLC
- Chain
- Life Care Centers of America
- Takes part in
- Medicare and Medicaid
More health citations than the Michigan average (72 vs 32).
Inspections, fines and changes
This list shows every citation and fine in CMS's current data, which covers about the last three years. It also shows changes CMS made to this home's ratings and records.
CMS update of October 28, 2026
Star rating
The CMS overall star rating changed from 1 of 5 to 2 of 5.
Star rating
The CMS health inspection star rating changed from 1 of 5 to 2 of 5.
Star rating
The CMS quality measures star rating changed from 3 of 5 to 4 of 5.
CMS update of July 29, 2026
Star rating
The CMS quality measures star rating changed from 4 of 5 to 3 of 5.
CMS abuse icon
CMS removed its abuse icon from this home.
5 citations
Health inspection on April 9, 2026
CMS lists this as a complaint inspection.
Citation F0551. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Give the resident's representative the ability to exercise the resident's rights.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 1, 2026.
Citation F0580. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 1, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0580 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0605. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Prevent the use of unnecessary psychotropic medications or use medications that may restrain a resident's ability to function.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 1, 2026.
Citation F0684. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 1, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0684 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0880. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 1, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0880 4 times since 2023.
CMS update of February 25, 2026
Health citation
CMS removed citation F0607 from the health inspection on January 29, 2025.
Health citation
CMS removed citation F0610 from the health inspection on January 29, 2025.
11 citations
Health inspection on December 17, 2025
CMS lists this as a standard inspection and a complaint inspection.
Citation F0550. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0550 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0584. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation F0756. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure a licensed pharmacist perform a monthly drug regimen review, including the medical chart, following irregularity reporting guidelines in developed policies and procedures.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation F0908. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Keep all essential equipment working safely.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation F0925. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Make sure there is a pest control program to prevent/deal with mice, insects, or other pests.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation F0578. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to request, refuse, and/or discontinue treatment, to participate in or refuse to participate in experimental research, and to formulate an advance directive.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0578 2 times since 2024.
Citation F0687. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate foot care.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation F0690. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0690 4 times since 2023.
Citation F0698. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for F0698 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0841. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Designate a physician to serve as medical director responsible for implementation of resident care policies and coordination of medical care in the facility.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation F0867. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Set up an ongoing quality assessment and assurance group to review quality deficiencies and develop corrective plans of action.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
4 citations
Fire safety inspection on December 17, 2025
CMS lists this as a standard inspection.
Citation K0351. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Install an approved automatic sprinkler system.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation K0511. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Have properly installed electrical wiring and gas equipment.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation K0918. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Have generator or other power source capable of supplying service within 10 seconds.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
Citation K0321. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 20, 2026.
CMS has cited this home for K0321 2 times since 2024.
CMS update of November 20, 2025
Star rating
The CMS overall star rating changed from 2 of 5 to 1 of 5. CMS changed how it scores this rating for many homes at once.
Star rating
The CMS quality measures star rating changed from 5 of 5 to 4 of 5.
CMS update of July 30, 2025
Star rating
The CMS staffing star rating changed from 3 of 5 to 4 of 5.
3 citations
Health inspection on June 18, 2025
CMS lists this as a complaint inspection.
Citation F0600. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 14, 2025.
CMS has cited this home for F0600 4 times since 2024.
Citation F0726. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure that nurses and nurse aides have the appropriate competencies to care for every resident in a way that maximizes each resident's well being.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 14, 2025.
Citation F0744. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide the appropriate treatment and services to a resident who displays or is diagnosed with dementia.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 14, 2025.
CMS has cited this home for F0744 2 times since 2023.
CMS update of April 30, 2025
Star rating
The CMS staffing star rating changed from 4 of 5 to 3 of 5.
CMS update of February 26, 2025
Star rating
The CMS overall star rating changed from 1 of 5 to 2 of 5. CMS changed how it scores this rating for many homes at once.
Star rating
The CMS quality measures star rating changed from 3 of 5 to 5 of 5. CMS changed how it scores this rating for many homes at once.
1 citation
Health inspection on January 29, 2025
CMS lists this as a complaint inspection.
Citation F0585. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.
CMS lists it as corrected on February 19, 2025.
CMS update of December 20, 2024
CMS abuse icon
CMS added its abuse icon to this home.
CMS update of October 30, 2024
Staffing
Total nurse staffing reported to CMS went from 4.4 to 4.0 hours per resident per day.
9 citations
Health inspection on October 10, 2024
CMS lists this as a standard inspection and a complaint inspection.
Citation F0812. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
CMS has cited this home for F0812 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0880. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation F0578. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to request, refuse, and/or discontinue treatment, to participate in or refuse to participate in experimental research, and to formulate an advance directive.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation F0600. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation F0625. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Notify the resident or the resident’s representative in writing how long the nursing home will hold the resident’s bed in cases of transfer to a hospital or therapeutic leave.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation F0657. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
CMS has cited this home for F0657 2 times since 2024.
Citation F0688. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate care for a resident to maintain and/or improve range of motion (ROM), limited ROM and/or mobility, unless a decline is for a medical reason.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation F0690. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation F0699. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide care or services that was trauma informed and/or culturally competent.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
CMS has cited this home for F0699 2 times since 2023.
4 citations
Fire safety inspection on October 10, 2024
CMS lists this as a standard inspection.
Citation K0232. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Have corridors or aisles that are unobstructed and are at least 8 feet in width.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation K0341. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Install a fire alarm system that can be heard throughout the facility.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation K0321. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
Citation K0324. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide properly protected cooking facilities.
CMS lists it as corrected on November 1, 2024.
6 citations
Health inspection on August 22, 2024
CMS lists this as a complaint inspection.
Citation F0600. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
CMS lists it as corrected on September 6, 2024.
Citation F0609. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities.
CMS lists it as corrected on September 6, 2024.
Citation F0610. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Respond appropriately to all alleged violations.
CMS lists it as corrected on September 6, 2024.
Citation F0686. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
CMS lists it as corrected on September 6, 2024.
CMS has cited this home for F0686 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0690. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
CMS lists it as corrected on September 6, 2024.
Citation F0692. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.
CMS lists it as corrected on September 6, 2024.
CMS has cited this home for F0692 3 times since 2023.
CMS update of July 31, 2024
Star rating
The CMS staffing star rating changed from 3 of 5 to 4 of 5. CMS changed how it scores this rating for many homes at once.
4 citations
Health inspection on June 27, 2024
CMS lists this as a complaint inspection.
Citation F0656. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 22, 2024.
CMS has cited this home for F0656 2 times since 2023.
Citation F0692. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 22, 2024.
Citation F0810. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide special eating equipment and utensils for residents who need them and appropriate assistance.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 22, 2024.
Citation F0880. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS lists it as corrected on July 22, 2024.
2 citations
Health inspection on April 12, 2024
CMS lists this as a complaint inspection.
Citation F0600. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 3, 2024.
Citation F0657. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals.
CMS lists it as corrected on May 3, 2024.
CMS update of March 28, 2024
Fine
CMS changed the fine from September 19, 2023 from $23,989 to $15,593.
Fine
CMS changed the fine from September 19, 2023 from $240,375 to $156,244.
CMS update of January 31, 2024
Fine
CMS changed the fine from October 18, 2022 from $48,620 to $31,603.
CMS update of December 21, 2023
Star rating
The CMS overall star rating changed from 2 of 5 to 1 of 5.
Star rating
The CMS health inspection star rating changed from 2 of 5 to 1 of 5.
31 citations
Health inspection on December 11, 2023
CMS lists this as a standard inspection and a complaint inspection.
Severity G is the second-highest of CMS's four levels. It means a resident was harmed.
82 of 422 Michigan homes (19%) got a citation at the actual harm level in 2023.
Citation F0686. Severity G: actual harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0812. Severity F: potential for more than minimal harm, widespread.
The rule CMS cited:
Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0656. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0679. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide activities to meet all resident's needs.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0684. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0740. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure each resident must receive and the facility must provide necessary behavioral health care and services.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0745. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide medically-related social services to help each resident achieve the highest possible quality of life.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0880. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0881. Severity E: potential for more than minimal harm, pattern.
The rule CMS cited:
Implement a program that monitors antibiotic use.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0550. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0558. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Reasonably accommodate the needs and preferences of each resident.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0561. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Honor the resident's right to and the facility must promote and facilitate resident self-determination through support of resident choice.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0580. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0635. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide doctor's orders for the resident's immediate care at the time the resident was admitted.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0641. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0644. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Coordinate assessments with the pre-admission screening and resident review program; and referring for services as needed.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0645. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
PASARR screening for Mental disorders or Intellectual Disabilities
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0655. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Create and put into place a plan for meeting the resident's most immediate needs within 48 hours of being admitted
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0658. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure services provided by the nursing facility meet professional standards of quality.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0677. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0689. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0690. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0692. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0693. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure that feeding tubes are not used unless there is a medical reason and the resident agrees; and provide appropriate care for a resident with a feeding tube.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0698. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0699. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide care or services that was trauma informed and/or culturally competent.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0744. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Provide the appropriate treatment and services to a resident who displays or is diagnosed with dementia.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0757. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure each resident’s drug regimen must be free from unnecessary drugs.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0883. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Develop and implement policies and procedures for flu and pneumonia vaccinations.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0887. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Educate residents and staff on COVID-19 vaccination, offer the COVID-19 vaccine to eligible residents and staff after education, and properly document each resident and staff member's vaccination status.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Citation F0947. Severity D: potential for more than minimal harm, isolated.
The rule CMS cited:
Ensure nurse aides have the skills they need to care for residents, and give nurse aides education in dementia care and abuse prevention.
CMS lists it as corrected on January 16, 2024.
Owners and managers
CMS lists these owners and managers for this home. Names are as CMS writes them.
- PRESTON, FORRESTIndirect ownership interest · not applicable · since 09/21/2015
- LIFE CARE CENTERS OF AMERICA, INC.Operational/managerial control · not applicable · since 09/21/2015
- ALVI, TAHIROperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 04/24/2023
- FLETCHER, TODDOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 05/01/2021
- LAY, LISAOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 04/24/2017
- LONG, ZOFIAOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 03/15/2004
- NICKRENT, DAWNOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 02/21/2024
- PRESTON, AUBREYOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 11/27/2024
- PRESTON, FORRESTOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 09/21/2015
- SWANKER, RICHARDOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 01/01/2022
- WESTERS, PENNIEOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 10/17/2022
- ZIEGLER, JAMESOperational/managerial control · not applicable · since 09/18/2001
Questions
When was Life Care Center of Plainwell last inspected?
CMS lists December 17, 2025 as the date of its most recent standard health inspection.
How many citations (violations) does Life Care Center of Plainwell have?
CMS lists 72 health citations since December 11, 2023. CMS also calls these deficiencies.
Has Life Care Center of Plainwell been fined?
CMS lists no fines for this home in the past three years.
What is the CMS star rating of Life Care Center of Plainwell?
Its CMS overall star rating is 2 of 5.
Is Life Care Center of Plainwell a Special Focus Facility?
No. CMS does not list it as a Special Focus Facility or a candidate.